Austin tool and hardwoods

Cup A distortion of a board in which there is a deviation from a straight line across the width of a board. Density As usually applied to wood of normal cellular form, density is the mass of wood substance enclosed within the boundary surfaces of a wood-plus-voids complex having unit volume. It is variously expressed as pounds per cubic foot, kilograms per cubic meter, or grams per cubic centimeter at specified moisture content.

Figure The pattern produced in a wood surface by annual growth rings, rays, knots, deviation from regular grain, such as interlocked and wavy, and irregular coloration. Grain The direction, size, arrangement, appearance or quality of the fibers in sawn wood. Close-Grained Wood with narrow, inconspicuous annual rings. Coarse-Grained Wood with wide conspicuous annual rings in which there is considerable difference between springwood and summerwood. Cross-Grained Having fibers running irregularly from a line parallel to the sides of a piece of wood.

The areas showing curly grain may vary up to several inches in diameter. Diagonal-Grained Wood in which the annual rings are at an angle with the axis of a piece as a result of sawing at an angle with the bark of the tree or log. A form of cross-grain. Edge-Grained Lumber that has been sawed so that the wide surfaces extend approximately at right angles to the annual growth rings.

End-Grained The grain as seen on a cut made at a right angle to the direction of the fibers e. Fiddleback-Grained Figure produced by a type of fine wavy grain found, for example, in species of maple; such wood being traditionally used for the backs of violins.

Flat-Grained Lumber that has been sawed parallel to the pith and approximately tangent to the growth rings. Interlocked-Grained Grain in which the fibers put on for several years may slope in a right-handed direction, and then for a number of years the slope reverses to a left-hand direction, and later changes back to a right-handed pitch, and so on.

Such wood is exceedingly difficult to split radially, though tangentially it may split fairly easily. Open-Grained Common classification for woods with large pores, such as oak, ash, chestnut and walnut. Spiral-Grained Wood in which the fibers take a spiral course about the trunk of a tree instead of the normal vertical course.

The spiral may extend in a right-handed or left-handed direction around the tree trunk. Spiral grain is a form of cross grain. Straight-Grained Wood in which the fibers run parallel to the axis of a piece. Wavy-Grained Wood in which the fibers collectively take the form of waves or undulations. Hardwood Any close-grained wood from deciduous trees.

Generally one of the botanical groups of trees that have broad leaves in contrast to the conifers or softwoods. The term has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood. Heartwood The wood extending from the pith to the sapwood, the cells of which no longer participate in the life processes of the tree.

Heartwood is generally darker than sapwood, but the two are not always clearly differentiated. Janka Hardness A scale that measures of the relative hardness of wood. The test measures the force required to push a steel ball with a diameter of In the United States, the measurement is in pounds-force. It is one of the best measures of the ability of a wood species to withstand denting and wear.

It is also a good indicator of how hard a species is to saw or nail. Lumber Solid wood that has been sawn to a particular size. The product of the saw and planing mill not further manufactured than by sawing, resawing, passing lengthwise through a standard planing machine, crosscutting to length, and matching.

Nominal Size As applied to timber or lumber, the size by which it is known and sold in the market often differs from the actual size. Rough Lumber Lumber that has not been dressed surfaced but which has been sawn, edged, and trimmed. Surfaced Lumber Lumber that is dressed by running it through a planer. Moisture Content M.

The weight of water contained in wood expressed as a percentage of the weight of the oven dry wood. No single moisture content, however, is specified for hardwoods because the uses are more specialized. Net tally Otherwise known as a dried tally. The board footage of lumber figured when the board is seasoned. Old Growth A forest of mature or over mature timber that is beyond its peak growing period. This method also produces the most lumber from each log, making plain-sawn lumber a cost effective design choice.

This method yields fewer and narrower boards per log than plain sawing, boosting their cost significantly. Quarter-sawn boards are popular for decorative applications. Reforestation The natural or artificial restocking of an area with forest trees. Resawing The process of sawing lumber in two lengthwise, parallel to the wide face.

It is usually, though not always, done through the middle of the board, producing two equal sized boards, each approximately half the thickness of the original. Resawing changes the thickness of the lumber but not its width. Ripping The process of sawing lumber in two lengthwise perpendicular to the wide face. With the select lines of tools we stock, you will be getting the best pro tools available. Your work matters. Having the right tool for the right job matters, too. Festool makes power tools for craftsmen who demand unmatched performance and precision.

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